Spread of fake news in Albania and propaganda during COVID-19

Year: 2020
Author: Valbona Bezati

During the recent global crisis, it seems that fake news is spreading at the same speed as the virus. This is also the reason why this research paper focuses on the phenomenon of fake news about COVID-19, which were published in the online media in Albania during the period January–August 2020.

Currently, the Albanian audience seems extremely perplexed due to online information being distributed every day, in a country with about 800 news websites (2019) that produce "tons" of information for less than three million inhabitants.

The spread of fake news phenomenon for COVID-19 is especially sensitive due to the very risk that these articles bring to the health of their readers. More specifically, we have often seen how these articles, which contain false information, give suggestions such as: "use this certain treatment", "do not wear a mask", or even "do the vaccine (uncertified)". All of these articles (but others as well) can foster misinformation and dangerous behavior for those citizens who trust them.

Therefore, this study aims to raise awareness about the challenge posed by such false news, especially during times of crises. Among the objectives of the research we can mention:

• measuring the spread of fake news;
  
• assessing the risks misinformation poses to democracy;
• gathering and reflecting on the perception and experiences of audiences and journalists regarding fake news

Moreover, this publication aims to serve two main audiences: young journalists and consumers (readers) respectively.

In terms of methodology, the study is based on data created during long-term monitoring of online articles published over an 8-month period. The data was collected from a survey with 150 individuals, as well as from interviews with journalists.

Key words: Fake news, misinformation, propaganda, Albania, media, COVID-19.